Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Explained

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. The uterus is the organ where a baby grows during pregnancy. Many women develop uterine fibroids at some point in their lives. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that fibroids are one of the most common conditions seen in obstetrics and gynecology. Although most fibroids are harmless, they can sometimes cause problems. For example, they may lead to pain or heavy periods. Understanding uterine fibroids is important for women’s health.

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Many women with uterine fibroids do not notice any symptoms. However, some may experience signs that affect daily life. If you have any of these symptoms, it is wise to talk to your doctor. Common uterine fibroid symptoms include:

Heavy or long-lasting periods

Pain or pressure in the lower belly

Frequent need to urinate

Feeling full in the lower stomach

Pain during sex

Back pain or leg pain

Trouble getting pregnant

Sometimes, symptoms depend on the size, number, and location of the fibroids. For instance, larger fibroids may cause more discomfort.

Causes of Uterine Fibroids

Doctors are still learning about the exact causes of uterine fibroids. However, several factors may increase the risk. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these include:

Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone, which are female hormones, help fibroids grow.

Family history: If your mother or sister had fibroids, you may be more likely to get them.

Age: Fibroids are most common in women aged 30 to 50.

Race: African American women are more likely to develop fibroids.

Obesity: Being overweight can raise the risk.

Diet: Eating a lot of red meat and not enough vegetables may play a role.

Even though these factors can increase risk, anyone with a uterus can develop fibroids. Still, knowing the causes of uterine fibroids can help you understand your own risk.

How Uterine Fibroids Are Diagnosed

Doctors use several methods to diagnose uterine fibroids. Usually, the process starts with a simple pelvic exam. If fibroids are suspected, your doctor may suggest more tests. These tests help find the size, number, and location of the fibroids. Common ways to diagnose uterine fibroids include:

Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to create pictures of the uterus.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): This scan gives detailed images of the uterus and fibroids.

Blood tests: These can check for anemia, which is low iron caused by heavy periods.

Hysteroscopy: A thin tube with a camera is placed into the uterus to look for fibroids.

Sonohysterography: This test uses fluid and ultrasound to get a better view inside the uterus.

In some cases, your doctor may recommend more than one test. This helps make sure the diagnosis is correct.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Some women do not need any treatment if the fibroids are small and not causing problems. However, if you have symptoms, there are several options. These include:

Medicines: Some drugs can help shrink fibroids or control symptoms like heavy bleeding.

Non-surgical procedures: For example, uterine artery embolization blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.

Surgical options: Myomectomy removes only the fibroids, while hysterectomy removes the entire uterus.

Other treatments: Focused ultrasound uses sound waves to destroy fibroids without surgery.

Each treatment has its own risks and benefits. Therefore, it is important to talk with your doctor about what is best for you. In some cities, you may have access to advanced treatments or specialists. Always ask about all your options.

If you have symptoms or concerns about uterine fibroids, consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice.